std::beta, std::betaf, std::betal

 

C++

Language

Standard Library Headers

Freestanding and hosted implementations

Named requirements

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Diagnostics library

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

Filesystem library (C++17)

Technical Specifications

 

Technical specifications

Filesystem library (filesystem TS)

Library fundamentals (library fundamentals TS)

Library fundamentals 2 (library fundamentals 2 TS)

Extensions for parallelism (parallelism TS)

Extensions for parallelism 2 (parallelism TS v2)

Extensions for concurrency (concurrency TS)

Concepts (concepts TS)

Ranges (ranges TS)

Special mathematical functions (special math TR)

 

Mathematical special functions

assoc_laguerreassoc_laguerrefassoc_laguerrel assoc_legendreassoc_legendrefassoc_legendrel betabetafbetal comp_ellint_1comp_ellint_1fcomp_ellint_1l comp_ellint_2comp_ellint_2fcomp_ellint_2l comp_ellint_3comp_ellint_3fcomp_ellint_3l cyl_bessel_icyl_bessel_ifcyl_bessel_il

cyl_bessel_jcyl_bessel_jfcyl_bessel_jl cyl_bessel_kcyl_bessel_kfcyl_bessel_kl cyl_neumanncyl_neumannfcyl_neumannl ellint_1ellint_1fellint_1l ellint_2ellint_2fellint_2l ellint_3ellint_3fellint_3l expintexpintfexpintl

hermitehermitefhermitel laguerrelaguerreflaguerrel legendrelegendreflegendrel riemann_zetariemann_zetafriemann_zetal sph_besselsph_besselfsph_bessell sph_legendresph_legendrefsph_legendrel sph_neumannsph_neumannfsph_neumannl

 

double      beta( double x, double y ); float       betaf( float x, float y ); long double betal( long double x, long double y );	(1)
Promoted    beta( Arithmetic x, Arithmetic y );	(2)

1) Computes the beta function of x and y.

2) A set of overloads or a function template for all combinations of arguments of arithmetic type not covered by (1). If any argument has integral type, it is cast to double. If any argument is long double, then the return type Promoted is also long double, otherwise the return type is always double.

As all special functions, beta is only guaranteed to be available in <cmath> if __STDCPP_MATH_SPEC_FUNCS__ is defined by the implementation to a value at least 201003L and if the user defines __STDCPP_WANT_MATH_SPEC_FUNCS__ before including any standard library headers.

Parameters

x, y

-

values of a floating-point or integral type

Return value

If no errors occur, value of the beta function of x and y, that is ∫1
0tx-1
(1-t)(y-1)
dt, or, equivalently,

Γ(x)Γ(y)

Γ(x+y)

is returned.

Error handling

Errors may be reported as specified in math_errhandling

• If any argument is NaN, NaN is returned and domain error is not reported
• The function is only required to be defined where both x and y are greater than zero, and is allowed to report a domain error otherwise.

Notes

Implementations that do not support TR 29124 but support TR 19768, provide this function in the header tr1/cmath and namespace std::tr1

An implementation of this function is also available in boost.math

beta(x, y) equals beta(y, x)

When x and y are positive integers, beta(x,y) equals \(\frac{(x-1)!(y-1)!}{(x+y-1)!}\)

(x-1)!(y-1)!

(x+y-1)!

.

Binomial coefficients can be expressed in terms of the beta function: \(\binom{n}{k} = \frac{1}{(n+1)B(n-k+1,k+1)}\)⎛
⎜
⎝n
k⎞
⎟
⎠=

1

(n+1)Β(n-k+1,k+1)

Example

(works as shown with gcc 6.0)

Run this code

#define __STDCPP_WANT_MATH_SPEC_FUNCS__ 1
#include <cmath>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
double binom(int n, int k) { return 1/((n+1)*std::beta(n-k+1,k+1)); }
int main()
{
    std::cout << "Pascal's triangle:\n";
    for(int n = 1; n < 10; ++n) {
        std::cout << std::string(20-n*2, ' ');
        for(int k = 1; k < n; ++k)
            std::cout << std::setw(3) << binom(n,k) << ' ';
        std::cout << '\n';
    }
}

Output:

Pascal's triangle:
 
                  2 
                3   3 
              4   6   4 
            5  10  10   5 
          6  15  20  15   6 
        7  21  35  35  21   7 
      8  28  56  70  56  28   8 
    9  36  84 126 126  84  36   9

See also

tgammatgammaftgammal (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)

gamma function (function)

External links

Weisstein, Eric W. "Beta Function." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource.